المحتويات / النص
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Acknowledgments 9
1 Prehistory to Early Civilizations 10
Prehistoric Interiors 10
Archeological Evidence 10
The First Shelters 10 Dolmens and Barrows 12
Evidence from Tribal Cultures 13
Pattern and Design 15
The First Permanent Settlements 16
Mesopotamia: Sumeria 16
Ancient Egypt 17
Geometry and Proportion 17 Egyptian Temples and Houses 18 Egyptian Furniture and Other Interior Furnishings 19
Pre-Columbian America ?????
2 Classical Civilizations: Greece and Rome 20
Minoan and Mycenaean Cultures 20
Knossos 20
Mycenae and Tiryns 20
Greece 22
The Temple 22
Secular Interiors 24
INSIGHTS: THE GROWTH OF ATHENS 25
Rome 27
Arches, Vaults, and Domes 27
Amphitheaters and Baths 28
Temples 30
Secular Buildings 31
INSIGHTS: THE COST OF LIVING IN ANCIENT ROME 32
Furniture and Other Interior Furnishings 34
The Legacy of Rome: Technology 34
3 Early Christian, Byzantine, and Romanesque 36
Early Christian Design 36
Byzantine Design 38
INSIGHTS: THE RAVENNA MOSAICS 39
Ravenna 39
Constantinople ??
Hagia Sophia 40
Secular Buildings 41
Early Medieval: The "Dark Ages" 41
The Romanesque Style 41
Churches 42
Germany 42 Italy 43 France 44 England 45 Scandinavia 46
Fortresses and Castles 46
Monasteries and Abbeys 48
INSIGHTS: THE ABBEY AT CLUNY 48
Houses 49
Furniture and Other Interior Furnishings 50
Islamic Influence in Spain 52
The Mosque in Spain 52
Moorish Elements in Spanish Romanesque 53
4 Islamic and Asian Traditions ???
Islamic Influence ???
Mosques and Palaces ???
Islamic Influence in Spain ???
The Mosque in Spain
Islamic Furnishings ???
India and Pakistan ???
Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain Architecture ???
Hindu Religious and Secular Buildings
Jain Architecture
Northern and Southern Styles of Temple
Islamic Influence in India
INSIGHTS: BERNIER'S ACCOUNT OF THE TAJ MAHAL
Indian Furnishings ???
Western Influence ???
Cambodia ???
Java ???
Thailand ???
China ???
Chinese Architecture ???
Chinese Furnishings ???
Korea ???
Japan ???
Japanese Furnishings ???
5 The Later Middle Ages 54
Elements of Gothic Style 54
New Construction Techniques 56
Gothic Cathedrals and Churches 59
France 59
England 62
Elsewhere in Europe 63
Secular Gothic Buildings 64
INSIGHTS: CONSTRUCTION WORK IN A MEDIEVAL BUILDING 65
Castles and Palaces 66
Medieval Houses 68
Innovations in Domestic Comfort 70
6 The Renaissance in Italy 72
The Rise of Humanism 72
Renaissance Interest in History 72
Elements of Renaissance Style 74
The Early Renaissance 75
Brunelleschi 75
Michelozzo 78
Alberti 79
The High Renaissance 79
Bramante 79
Palaces 82
INSIGHTS: VASARI'S ACCOUNT OF THE FARNESE PALACE 82
The Late Renaissance and Mannerism 84
Michelangelo 85
Romano 86
Palladio 87
Vignola 89
Interior Furnishings 89
Furniture 90
Coverings 91
7 Baroque and Rococo in Italy and Northern Europe 92
Elements of Baroque Style 92
The Baroque in Italy 92
Rome 94
Bernini 94 Borromini 95
Venice 97
Longhena 97
Turin 97
Guarini 97 Juvarra 99
Baroque in Northern Europe 100
Austria 100
Switzerland 103
Germany 103
Furniture and Other Interior Features 106
8 Renaissance, Baroque, and Rococo in France and Spain 108
France 108
Early Renaissance 108
High Renaissance 112
Baroque 116
Versailles 116
INSIGHTS: LOUIS XIV AND VERSAILLES 116
Louvre 117 Baroque Churches 120 Furniture and Furnishings 121
Regency to Rococo 123
Paris H"tels 123 The Petit Trianon 124 Regency and Rococo Furniture 125
Rococo to Neoclassicism 125
The Empire Style 127
INSIGHTS: THE EMPIRE STYLE 128
Provincial Style 130
Spain 131
Plateresco 131
Desornamentado 132
Churrigueresco 132
Furniture and Other Interior Features 132
9 Renaissance to Georgian in The Low Countries and England 136
Low Countries 136
Civic Buildings 136
Private Dwellings 138
England 139
Tudor 140
Elizabethan 140
Elizabethan Furniture 141
Jacobean 142
Jones 142 Jacobean Interior Furnishings 143
From Carolean to William and Mary 143
Wren 143 Carolean and William and Mary Interior Furnishings 145
Queen Anne 146
Queen Anne Furniture 147
Georgian 147
Robert and James Adam 148
INSIGHTS: ROBERT ADAM AND SYON HOUSE 148
Georgian Town Houses 149 Other Building Types 150 Georgian Furniture and Interior Furnishings 150
10 Colonial and Federal America 154
Colonial Styles in Latin America 154
Colonial Styles in North America 156
Early Colonial Houses 156
Early Colonial Furniture and Interior Furnishings 157
Churches and Meeting Houses 158
American Georgian 159
American Georgian Houses 159
American Georgian and Queen Anne Furniture 163
Late Colonial Public Buildings 163
Federal Styles 165
Jefferson 165
Bulfinch 166
Thornton and Latrobe 166
Furniture of the Federal Period 169
Other Furnishings of the Federal Period 170
11 The Regency, Revivals, and Industrial Revolution 172
Regency 172
Nash 172
Soane 174
Regency Furniture 174
Revivals 175
Greek Revival 175
Germany 175 England 176 United States 176
Gothic Revival 178
United States 178 England 180
The Industrial Revolution 183
Early Industrialization and Inventions 184
Industry and Interiors 184
Iron and Glass 185
England: Paxton 186
INSIGHTS: THE PUBLIC'S PERCEPTION OF CRYSTAL PALACE 186
France: Labrouste, Baltard, and Eiffel 188
12 The Victorian Era 190
The Roots of Victorian Style 190
Britain 193
Mansions 193
Middle-class Houses and Public Buildings 193
Shaw and the Queen Anne Revival 194
United States: Victorian Variations 195
Mansions 197
Vernacular House Styles 198
Shingle Style 199 Adirondack Style 200
Shaker Design 200
INSIGHTS: THE SHAKER PHILOSOPHY 201
Early Skyscrapers 202
Public Buildings 205
Furness 205
Furniture and Other Interior Furnishings 206
13 The Aesthetic Movements 210
Britain: Arts and Crafts 210
Ruskin and the Roots of Arts and Crafts 210
Morris 210
Webb 213
Other British Designers 214
INSIGHTS: ROSSETTI AND THE AESTHETIC HOUSE 215
Links to Modernism 218
Voysey 218 Mackmurdo 218 Mackintosh 219
United States: The Craftsman Movement 219
Stickley and the Roycrofters 219
Bradley 220
Richardson 221
Greene & Green and Maybeck 223
Developments in Continental Europe 223
Germany: Muthesius 225
The Netherlands: Berlage 225
14 Art Nouveau and the Vienna Secession 226
Roots and Characteristics of Art
Nouveau 226
Belgium 229
Horta 229
INSIGHTS: VICTOR HORTA AND ART NOUVEAU 229
Van de Velde 230
France 230
The School of Nancy 230
Guimard 230
Other French Designers 232
Spain 232
Gaud? 232
Germany: Jugendstil 232
Endell 233
Riemerschmid and Behrens 234
Scandinavia 234
Austria: The Vienna Secession 234
Olbrich 234
Wagner 235
INSIGHTS: OTTO WAGNER AND "MODERN ARCHITECTURE" 236
Hoffmann 236
Loos 238
United States 238
Tiffany 238
Sullivan 240
15 Eclecticism 244
The Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Paris 244
United States 247
Key Architects and Designers 247
Hunt 247 McKim, Mead, & White 249
Public Buildings 252
Early Skyscrapers 252
The Rise of the Interior Decorator 255
De Wolfe 255 Wood 255 McMillen 256 Other American Decorators 256
Eclecticism in Professional Practice 256
Saarinen and Cranbrook Academy 257
Stripped Classicism 259
Eclecticism for the Masses 259
Houses and Apartments 259 Furniture and Accessories 260 Movie Theaters 261
Europe 261
Scandinavia 263
Britain 263
Lutyens 264
INSIGHTS: SIR EDWIN LUTYENS AND THE VICEROY'S HOUSE IN NEW DELHI 264
Ocean Liners 265
The Spread of Eclecticism 265
16 The Emergence of Modernism 266
Frank Lloyd Wright 266
The Early Commissions 268
INSIGHTS: THE PHILOSOPHY OF FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT 269
De Stijl 270
Mondrian and van Doesburg 270
Rietveld 271
Pioneers of the International Style 272
Gropius and the Bauhaus 272
Mies van der Rohe 274
Work of the 1920s and 1930s 274
INSIGHTS: MIES VAN DER ROHE: THE TUGENDHAT HOUSE 274
Emigration to the United States 276 Later Commissions 277
Le Corbusier 278
Paris: Developing the Machine Aesthetic 278 Early Houses, Villas, and Apartments 279
INSIGHTS: THE PHILOSOPHY OF LE CORBUSIER 282
Town Planning 283 Post-War Years 284
Late Commissions 285
Aalto 285
INSIGHTS: THE VISION OF ALVAR AALTO 286
17 Art Deco and Industrial Design 290
Art Deco 290
France 290
Furniture Designers 290 Textile Design 293
Ocean Liners 293
United States 295
Designers from Europe 295 Deco Architecture 295
Britain 296
Scandinavia 296
Industrial Design 297
Loewy and Other Designers 298
Design Training 300
Residential Design 301
Kitchens and Bathrooms 301
Lighting 302
Textiles, Carpets, and Furniture 303
18 The Spread of Early Modernism in Europe 304
The Netherlands 306
Germany and Austria 306
Italy 307
Switzerland 308
France 308
Scandinavia 310
England 311
19 Modernism in America 314
Architects and Designers 314
Gill 314
Wright: 1920s and 1930s 314
Schindler and Neutra 319
Lescaze 320
Goodwin and Stone 321
Gropius and Breuer 321
Mies van der Rohe 322
Johnson 323
Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill 323
Eero Saarinen 324
Interior Decoration: The Reaction to Modernism 324
Furniture and other Interior Furnishings 325
Knoll 325
Herman Miller Furniture Company 326
20 The Ascendency of Modernism 328
Italy 328
INSIGHTS: GIO PONTI: PIRELLI TOWER 330
Scandinavia 331
France 334
Germany 334
The Netherlands 335
Britain 336
United States 337
Urban Office Buildings 341
Office Planning 343
Office Furniture 344
Interior Designers 346
Furniture and Other Interior Furnishings 346
Textiles 346
21 Contemporary Design 348
Prophets of Future Design 348
Kahn 348
Pelli 351
High-tech 351
Fuller 351
INSIGHTS: ROGERS AND PIANO AND THE CENTRE POMPIDOU 353
Rogers and Piano 353
Foster 354
Stirling 356
INSIGHTS: JAMES STIRLING 356
Post-modernism 357
Venturi and Scott Brown 357
Graves 359
Johnson 361
Post-modernism in Europe 361
The Revival of Tradition 362
Greenberg 362
Stern 362
Late Modernism 364
Pei 364
Gwathmey and Meier 366
Individual Stylists 367
Starck 367
Putman 368
Deconstructivism 369
Eisenman 370
Gehry 371
Other Trends 373
East-West Crossovers 373
Preservation 375
Green Buildings 376
Glossary 378
Bibliography 384
Picture Credits 388
Index 390
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المستخلص
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This new edition of the standard historical survey on interior design offers more material than ever before on furniture, textiles and decorative ornaments, and non-Western interiors, as well as updated information on new developments, including work that uses the latest techniques. This Second Edition presents interior design within the context of sociology, politics, economics, geography and other arts (including architecture).
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